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Home / Artlabeling Activity an Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles Posterior View Part 2

Artlabeling Activity an Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles Posterior View Part 2

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Learning Objectives

Past the end of this department, you lot will exist able to:

  • Describe the criteria used to proper noun skeletal muscles
  • Explain how understanding the muscle names helps draw shapes, location, and actions of various muscles

The Greeks and Romans conducted the first studies done on the human body in Western culture. The educated class of subsequent societies studied Latin and Greek, and therefore the early on pioneers of anatomy connected to apply Latin and Greek terminology or roots when they named the skeletal muscles. The large number of muscles in the body and unfamiliar words tin can make learning the names of the muscles in the body seem daunting, just agreement the etymology can help. Etymology is the study of how the root of a particular word entered a language and how the use of the give-and-take evolved over time. Taking the time to larn the root of the words is crucial to understanding the vocabulary of anatomy and physiology. When yous empathize the names of muscles it will aid you lot remember where the muscles are located and what they practise (Figure xi.v, Figure 11.6, and Table 11.2). Pronunciation of words and terms will accept a bit of time to primary, but after y'all have some basic information; the correct names and pronunciations volition become easier.

The top panel shows the anterior view of the human body with the major muscles labeled. The bottom panel shows the posterior view of the human body with the major muscles labeled.

Effigy eleven.5 Overview of the Muscular System On the anterior and posterior views of the muscular system above, superficial muscles (those at the surface) are shown on the right side of the body while deep muscles (those underneath the superficial muscles) are shown on the left half of the body. For the legs, superficial muscles are shown in the anterior view while the posterior view shows both superficial and deep muscles.

This table shows two examples of muscle names and how to translate them based on their Latin roots. The first row uses abductor digiti minimi as an example. The word abductor comes from the Latin roots ab, which means away from, and duct, which means to move. Therefore an abductor is a muscle that moves away from something. The word digiti comes from the Latin root digititus, which means digit and refers to a finger or toe. The word minimi comes from the Latin root minimus, which means minimum, tiny, or little. Therefore, the abductor digiti minimi is a muscle that moves the little finger or toe away. The second row uses the adductor digiti minimi as an example. The word adductor comes from the Latin root ad, which means to or toward, and duct, which means to move. Therefore an adductor is a muscle that moves toward something. As with the abductor digiti minimi, digiti refers to a finger or toe and minimi refers to something that is little. Therefore the adductor digiti minimi is a muscle that moves the little finger or toe forward.

Figure 11.6 Understanding a Muscle Proper noun from the Latin

Mnemonic Device for Latin Roots

Example Latin or Greek Translation Mnemonic Device
ad to; toward ADvance toward your goal
ab away from n/a
sub under SUBmarines move under water.
ductor something that moves A conductor makes a railroad train move.
anti confronting If you are antisocial, you are against engaging in social activities.
epi on top of due north/a
apo to the side of n/a
longissimus longest "Longissimus" is longer than the word "long."
longus long long
brevis short brief
maximus large max
medius medium "Medius" and "medium" both begin with "med."
minimus tiny; fiddling mini
rectus straight To RECTify a situation is to straighten it out.
multi many If something is MULTIcolored, it has many colors.
uni ane A UNIcorn has i horn.
bi/di two If a ring is DIcast, it is made of two metals.
tri three TRIple the amount of money is 3 times as much.
quad four QUADruplets are iv children born at 1 birth.
externus outside EXternal
internus within INternal

Tabular array 11.2

Anatomists proper name the skeletal muscles according to a number of criteria, each of which describes the muscle in some way. These include naming the muscle after its shape, its size compared to other muscles in the area, its location in the body or the location of its attachments to the skeleton, how many origins information technology has, or its action.

The skeletal muscle's anatomical location or its relationship to a detail bone ofttimes determines its name. For case, the frontalis muscle is located on top of the frontal bone of the skull. Similarly, the shapes of some muscles are very distinctive and the names, such as orbicularis, reflect the shape. For the buttocks, the size of the muscles influences the names: gluteus maximus (largest), gluteus medius (medium), and the gluteus minimus (smallest). Names were given to indicate length—brevis (short), longus (long)—and to place position relative to the midline: lateralis (to the outside away from the midline), and medialis (toward the midline). The direction of the musculus fibers and fascicles are used to draw muscles relative to the midline, such equally the rectus (straight) abdominis, or the oblique (at an angle) muscles of the abdomen.

Some muscle names indicate the number of muscles in a group. One example of this is the quadriceps, a group of 4 muscles located on the anterior (front) thigh. Other muscle names can provide information as to how many origins a particular muscle has, such as the biceps brachii. The prefix bi indicates that the muscle has two origins and tri indicates three origins.

The location of a muscle's attachment can also announced in its proper noun. When the proper noun of a muscle is based on the attachments, the origin is ever named commencement. For instance, the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the cervix has a dual origin on the sternum (sterno) and clavicle (cleido), and it inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal os. The concluding characteristic past which to name a muscle is its activity. When muscles are named for the movement they produce, one can find action words in their proper noun. Some examples are flexor (decreases the angle at the articulation), extensor (increases the angle at the joint), abductor (moves the bone away from the midline), or adductor (moves the os toward the midline).

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Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-2-naming-skeletal-muscles

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